心血管疾病和糖尿病

The 美国心脏协会 considers diabetes one of the major controllable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

事实上, people living with Type 2 diabetes are more likely to develop 和 die from cardiovascular diseases, 如 心脏病发作, 中风 和 心脏衰竭比没有糖尿病的人要多.

Why are people with diabetes at increased risk for CVD?

糖尿病是可以治疗的, but even when glucose levels are under control it greatly increases the risk of heart disease 和 stroke. 这是因为糖尿病患者, 尤其是2型糖尿病, may have the following conditions that contribute to their risk for developing CVD.

• 高血压
  高血压 is a major risk factor for heart disease 和 stroke. Studies have shown a link between high blood pressure 和 insulin resistance. When people have both HBP 和 diabetes, 哪种是常见的组合, their risk for CVD increases even more.
  
  
• Abnormal 胆固醇 和 high triglycerides
  People with diabetes often have unhealthy 胆固醇 levels including high LDL (“bad”) 胆固醇, low HDL (“good”) 胆固醇 和 high triglycerides. This often occurs in people with premature coronary heart disease. It’s also typical of a lipid disorder linked with insulin resistance called atherogenic dyslipidemia, or diabetic dyslipidemia in people with diabetes. 了解更多关于 胆固醇异常 与糖尿病有关. 下载 2型糖尿病与胆固醇(PDF).
  
  
• 肥胖
  肥胖 is a major risk factor for CVD 和 has been strongly linked with insulin resistance. 减肥 can improve CVD risk, decrease insulin concentration 和 increase insulin sensitivity. 肥胖 和 insulin resistance also have been linked to other risk factors, 包括高血压.
  
  
• 缺乏体育活动
  Physical inactivity is another modifiable risk factor for insulin resistance 和 CVD. Exercising 和 losing weight can prevent or delay the onset of Type 2 diabetes, reduce blood pressure 和 help reduce the risk for heart attack 和 stroke. 任何类型的中度到剧烈运动 体育活动 is beneficial, 如 sports, house work, gardening or work-related 体育活动.
  
  For overall cardiovascular health, the 美国心脏协会 recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity per week (or a combination of the two), plus moderate- to high-intensity muscle-strengthening activity at least two days per week. 阅读这篇文章”积极行动起来."
  
  
• Poorly controlled blood sugar (too high) or out of normal range
  糖尿病 can cause blood sugar to rise to dangerous levels. 药物 may be needed to manage your blood sugar.
  
  
• 吸烟
  吸烟 puts people at higher risk for heart disease 和 stroke, whether they have diabetes or not. 学习如何 戒掉这个习惯.

People with insulin resistance or diabetes 和 one or more of these risk factors are at even greater risk of heart disease or stroke. People with diabetes may avoid or delay heart 和 blood vessel disease by managing their risk factors. Your health care team will do periodic testing to assess whether you have developed any of these risk factors for CVD.

Find more tools 和 resources for managing your diabetes 和 reducing your risk for CVD at Know糖尿病byHeart.org.